Tìm các số $a, b, c$ để cho đa thức  $ P(x)= x^5 + x^4 - 9x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c $  chia hết cho tích  $ (x^2 - 4)(x + 3) $
Cách 1:
Ta có: 
$ \begin{array}{l}
P\left( x \right) \vdots \left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right) \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
P\left( 2 \right) = 0\\
P( - 2) = 0\\
P( - 3) = 0
\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
4a + 2b + c = 24\\
4a - 2b + c =  - 56\\
9a - 3b + c =  - 81
\end{array} \right.\\ \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
a =  - 1\\
b = 20\\
c =  - 12
\end{array} \right.\\

\end{array} $
Vậy ta phải có: $ a =  - 1;b = 20;c =  - 12 $

Cách 2:
Chia đa thức  $ P\left( x \right) = {x^5} + {x^4} - 9{x^3} + {\rm{a}}{{\rm{x}}^2} + bx + c $  cho đa thức  $ Q(x) = \left( {{x^2} - 4} \right)\left( {x + 3} \right) = {x^3} + 3{x^2} - 4x - 12 $  ta được đa thức dư là: $ R(x) = (a + 1){x^2} + (b - 20)x + c + 12 $
Để cho  $ P\left( x \right) \vdots Q\left( x \right) $
Thì  $ R\left( x \right) \equiv 0 $  $  \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
a + 1 = 0\\
b - 20 = 0\\
c + 12 = 0
\end{array} \right. \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
a =  - 1\\
b = 20\\
c =  - 12
\end{array} \right. $

Cách 3:
Gọi đa thức thương là  $ f\left( x \right) = {x^2} + px + q $
Cân bằng hệ số cảu cá đa thức  $ P\left( x \right) \vee Q\left( x \right) $ . $ f\left( x \right) $  $  \Leftrightarrow \left\{ \begin{array}{l}
p =  - 2\\
q = 1\\
a =  - 1;b = 20;c =  - 12
\end{array} \right. $

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