Read the following passage and mark the letter $A, B, C$ or
$D$ on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the
question from $1$ to $10.$
Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the
environment. A vernal or springtime pool is only a few deep and lasts
only from March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse
life forms. Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a
particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its
age and characteristics. One may find masses of spotted salamander
eggs floating just under surface of the pond, left behind by adults who
entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived. Other
amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
Various forms of algae grow well in the murky water if there is sufficient sunlight. They
in turn produce and transit owygen to the salamander embryos and other
young that are not yet able to survive outside of water. Diving beetles
feast on eggs and larvae deposited in the pond by the salamanders and
other amphibians that have called it home. Tadpoles are born in the late
spring and feed on the algae. The pond also invites wood frogs staking
their territory and courting potential mates, calling as loud as
quacking ducks.
By the end of the short season, the pond dries to
spongy mud and then dries further, becomingcovered with leaves and
debris, until the following spring when the process repeats itself.
$1.$ What is the author's purpose stated in the first sentence: Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the environment?
$A.$ To explain that a vernal pool is very muddy.
$B.$ To describe how the vernal pool fits into the larger environment picture.
$C.$ To explain that mud is important to the environment.
$D.$ To show how algae grows.
$2.$ The word yields in the third sentence means most nearly the same as
$A.$ produces $B.$ contributes to $C.$ kills $D.$ harms
$3.$ The word diverse in the third sentence means most nearly the same as
$A.$ distinct $B.$ living $C.$ numerous $D.$ primitive
$4.$ The word its in the fifth sentence refers to
$A.$ predator $B.$ pond $C.$ living being $D.$ nature
$5.$ Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that a young life form might be prey to an older life form?
$A.$
A vernal or springtime pool is only a few deep and lasts only from
March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life
forms.
$B.$ Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a
particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age
and characteristic.
$C.$ One may find masses of spotted salamander
eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults
who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived.
$D.$
Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after
year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
$6.$
Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that life forms
continute to act in the same way as the same life forms did previously?
$A.$
A vernal or springtime pool is only a few deep and lasts only from
March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life
forms.
$B.$ Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a
particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age
and characteristic.
$C.$ One may find masses of spotted salamander
eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults
who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived.
$D.$
Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after
year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
$7.$ The word murky in the first sentence of the second paragraph means most nearly the same as
$A.$ clearly $B.$ cloudy $C.$ cold $D.$ life-producing
$8.$ The word they in the second sentence of paragraph two refers to
$A.$ salamander embryos. $C.$ forms of algae.
$B.$ young $D.$ sunlight
$9.$ Which of the following does the author imply in the first two sentence of paragraph two?
$A.$ The life forms in the pool live in water their entire lives.
$B.$ Some of the life forms live in water first and later on land.
$C.$ The life forms found in the pool do not require oxygen to live.
$D.$ Algae is strictly a food source.
$10.$ The word recurrent in the last sentence of paragraph one means most nearly the same as
$A.$ moving $B.$ recurring $C.$ stagnant $D.$ warm