Cho $I_n = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} }  \sin ^n xdx,     0 \leq  n \in  Z$
a) Tính $I_n$ theo $n$                    b) Tính $J_n = (n+1)I_n.I_{n+1} $ theo $n$
a) Ta có : $ I_{n+2} = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} }  \sin ^{n+2} xdx = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} } \sin ^{n+1} x. \sin xdx$
Đặt $\begin{cases}u = \sin ^{n+1}x \\ dv = \sin xdx \end{cases}   \Rightarrow     \begin{cases}du = (n+1) \sin ^nx.\cos xdx \\ v = - \cos x \end{cases}  $
$\Rightarrow I_{n+2} = - ( \sin ^{n+1} x .\cos x) \left| \begin{array}{l}
\frac{\pi}{2}\\
0
\end{array} \right. + (n+1) \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} }  \sin ^n x.\cos ^2 xdx$
$=(n+1) \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} }  \sin ^n x ( 1 - \sin ^2 x)dx$
$=(n+1) [ \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} }  \sin ^n xdx - \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{\pi}{2} }  \sin ^{n+2} dx ] = (n+1)(I_n - I_{n+2})$
$ \Rightarrow (n+2)I_{n+2} = (n+1)I_n$
Ta xét hai trường hợp:
*$n=2k (0\leq  k \in  Z)$
Ta có : $ 2kI_{2k} = (2k-1)I_{2k-1}   \Rightarrow  \frac{I_{2k}}{I_{2k-2}} = \frac{2k-1}{2k}$
$\Rightarrow \frac{I_{2k}}{I_{2k-2}}.\frac{I_{2k-2}}{I_{2k-4}}...\frac{I_3}{I_0}  = \frac{2k-1}{2k}.\frac{2k-3}{2k-1}...\frac{2}{3} = \frac{(2k)!!}{(2k+1)!!}$
$\Rightarrow I_{2k} = \frac{(2k-1)!!}{(2k)!!}I_0 = \frac{(2k-1)!!}{(2k)!!}.\frac{\pi}{2}$
Vậy :$ I_n = \begin{cases}\frac{(2k-1)!!}{(2k)!!}.\frac{\pi}{2},    nếu    n =  2k   \\ \frac{(2k)!!}{(2k+1)!!},     nếu  n =  2k+1  \end{cases}  (k \in  N).$
b) Theo câu a) ta có $(n+2)I_{n+2} = (n+1)I_n   ( 0 \leq  n \in  Z$ tùy ý)        
$\Rightarrow (n+1)I_n.I_{n+1} = (n+2)I_{n+1}.I_{n+2}    \Rightarrow    J_{n+1} = J_n$
$\Rightarrow J_n = J_{n-1} = ... = J_0=I_0.I_1=\frac{\pi}{2}$
Vậy $ J_n=\frac{\pi}{2}$ 

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