Giải các phương trình :
$\begin{array}{l}
1)\,\,{x^{3 - \lg \frac{x}{3}}} = 900\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,3)\,\,{8^{{x^3} - 1}} + {18^{{x^3} - 1}} = {2.27^{{x^3} - 1}}\\
2)\,\,{49^{\frac{1}{x}}} - {35^{\frac{1}{x}}} = {25^{\frac{1}{x}}}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,4)\,\,{4.3^x} - {9.2^x} = {5.6^{\frac{x}{2}}}
\end{array}$
$1)$   
ĐK: $x>0$.
Lấy logarit cơ số 10 cho 2 vế, phương trình đã cho tương đương với:
$\log_{10}(x^{3-\log\frac{x}{3}})=\log_{10} 900$
$\Leftrightarrow (3-\log x+\log3)\log x=\log9+2$
$\Leftrightarrow -\log^2x+(3+\log3)\log x=\log9+2$
$\Leftrightarrow \log^2x-(3+\log3)\log x+\log9+2=0(*)$
Ta có $\Delta_*=(3+\log3)^2-4(\log39+2)$
                  $=9+6\log3+\log^23-4\log3^2-8$
                  $=\log^23-2\log3+1=(\log3-1)^2$
$\Rightarrow \log x=\frac{ (3+\log3)\pm(\log3-1) }{2}$
$\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{array}{l} \log x=\log3+1\\ \log x=2 \end{array} \right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{array}{l} x=10^{\log3+1}=30\\ x=10^2=100 \end{array} \right.(TM)$
Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm $x = 30;\,\,x = 100$

$2)$   
ĐK: $x\neq 0$.
Phương trình đã cho tương đương:
$\left ( 7^\frac{1}{x} \right )^2-\left ( 7^\frac{1}{x}\right ).\left (5^\frac{1}{x}\right )=\left (5^\frac{1}{x}\right )^2$.
Do $5^\frac{1}{x}>0\forall x$, chia cả 2 vế của PT trên cho  $(5^\frac{1}{x})^2>0$
$\Rightarrow \left[ { \left (\frac{7}{5}\right )^\frac{1}{x} } \right]^2- { \left (\frac{7}{5}\right )^\frac{1}{x} } -1=0$
Đặt $  \left (\frac{7}{5}\right )^\frac{1}{x}=t    (0<t\neq 1)\Rightarrow t^2-t-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow t=\frac{1\pm\sqrt5}{2}$
$ \Rightarrow x = {\log _{\frac{{1 + \sqrt 5 }}{2}}}\frac{7}{5} (TM)$
Vậy PT đã cho có nghiệm $x = {\log _{\frac{{1 + \sqrt 5 }}{2}}}\frac{7}{5}$

$3) $  
TXĐ: R
Phương trình đã cho tương đương: 
$8^{x^3-1}+2^{x^3-1}.9^{x^3-1}=2.(3^{x^3-1})^3$
Do $3^{x^3-1}>0\forall x$, chia cả 2 vế phương trình cho $ (3^{x^3-1})^3 $ ta có:
$\left[ {\left (\frac{2}{3}\right )^{x^3-1}} \right]^3+ \left (\frac{2}{3}\right )^{x^3-1}-2=0$.
Đặt $ \left (\frac{2}{3}\right )^{x^3-1} =t  (t>0)$ thì ta có:
$t^3+t-2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (t-1)(t^2+t+2)=0\Rightarrow t=1(do  t^2+t+2=\left (t+\frac{1}{2}\right )^2+\frac{7}{4}>0\forall t>0)$
$\Rightarrow x^3-1=0\Leftrightarrow x=1(TM)$
Vậy PT đã cho có nghiệm $x = 1$.

$4) $  
TXĐ: R.
Khi đó PT đã cho tương đương:
$4.\left (3^\frac{x}{2}\right )^2-5. 3^\frac{x}{2}. 2^\frac{x}{2}-9.\left ( 2^\frac{x}{2} \right )^2=0$.
Do $ 2^\frac{x}{2} >0\forall x$ nên ta chia 2 vế phương trình trên cho $ 2^\frac{x}{2} $ ta có:
$\left[ 4{\left (\frac{3}{2}\right )}^\frac{x}{2} \right]^2-5. \left (\frac{3}{2}\right )^\frac{x}{2}-9=0$.
Đặt $t= \left (\frac{3}{2}\right )^\frac{x}{2} >0\forall x$ suy ra
$4t^2-5t-9=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (4t-9)(t+1)=0\Rightarrow t=\frac{9}{4}= \left (\frac{3}{2}\right )^2   (do  t>0)$
$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{2}=2\Rightarrow x=4.$
Vậy PT đã cho có nghiệm $x = 4$.

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