Cho tam giác $ABC$ có $A \ge \frac{{2\pi }}{3}$. Chứng minh rằng: $\cos^2B + \cos^2C - 2\cos ^2A \le 1$
Do:$A \ge \frac{{2\pi }}{3} \Rightarrow B + C $
Ta có $\cos B\cos C$ =$ \frac{1}{2}\left[ {c{\rm{os}}(B + C) + c{\rm{os}}(B - C)} \right]$
Do cos $(B+C)=-cosA>0$ (do $A \ge \frac{{2\pi }}{3} \Rightarrow \cos A < 0$)
  $cos(B+c)cos(B-C)\leq cos(B+c)(cos(B-C)\leq 1$
$cosBcosC\geq \frac{1}{2}[cos(B+C)cos(B-C)+cos(B-C)]$
$cosBcosC\geq cos^2\frac{B+C}{2}cos(B-C)$
$cosBcosC\geq sin^2\frac{A}{2}(cosBcosC+sinBsinC$
$(1-sin^2\frac{A}{2})cosBcosC\geq sin^2\frac{A}{2}sinBsinC  (1)$
Do $A \ge \frac{{2\pi }}{3} \Rightarrow B,C \in (0,\frac{\pi }{2}) \Rightarrow \cos B\cos C > 0$. Vì thế từ $(1)$ suy ra
                       $\frac{{c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}\frac{A}{2}}}{{{{\sin }^2}\frac{A}{2}}} \ge \frac{{\sin B\sin C}}{{\cos B\cos C}} \Leftrightarrow \cot {g^2}\frac{A}{2} \ge tanBtanC  (2)$
Lại do $A \ge \frac{{2\pi }}{3} \Rightarrow \frac{\pi }{2} \ge \frac{A}{2} \ge \frac{\pi }{3} \Rightarrow \cot\frac{A}{2} \le \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{3}$,vậy từ $(2)$ có $tanBtanC \le \frac{1}{3} (3)$
Vì trong mọi tam giác $ABC$ có $tanA+tanB+tanC=tanAtanBtanC$, nên từ $(3)$ với chú ý là $tanA<0$,suy ra :                 $tanA + tanB + tanC \ge \frac{1}{3}tanA$
$\Leftrightarrow tanB+tanC\geq \frac{-2}{3}tanA$
$\Leftrightarrow tanB+tanC\geq \frac{-2sinA}{3cosA}$
$\Leftrightarrow \frac{sin(B+C)}{b=cosBcosC\geq \frac{-2sinA}{3cosA}   (4)}$
Vì $sinA>0$ nên từ $(4)$ ta có  :
 $2cosBcosC\leq -3cosA$
$\Rightarrow 2cosAcosBcosC\geqslant -3cos^2A$(do $cosA<0)$
Áp dụng công thức $c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}A + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}B + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}C = 1 - 2\cos A\cos B\cos C$, ta có :
                               $1 - (c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}A + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}B + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}C) \ge  - 3{\cos ^2}A \Leftrightarrow 1 \ge c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}B + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}C - 2{\cos ^2}A$
Đó là (đpcm). Dấu $“=”$ xảy ra khi B=C, $A = \frac{{2\pi }}{3}$
Nhận xét :
$1/$ Kết hợp bài $246$, ta có hệ quả sau:
Cho tam giác $ABC$ có $A=max(A,B,C)$ và thỏa mãn điều kiện : 
                                  $\frac{{\sin A + \sin B + \sin C}}{{\cos A + \cos B + \cos C}} = \frac{1}{{\sqrt 3 }}$
CMR : $c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}B + c{\rm{o}}{{\rm{s}}^2}C - 2{\cos ^2}A \le 1$
$2/$ Tương tự ta có kết quả sau:
Cho tam giác $ABC$ thỏa mãn điều kiện :
                   $\frac{{{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2}}}{{a + b + c}} \le 6\sqrt 3 R$
CMR: $\frac{{\cos B + \cos A + \cos C}}{{\sin A + \sin B + \sin C}} < \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}$
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