Giải các phương trình
a/ $\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x-3}=2\sqrt{x}$
b/ $\sqrt{x+1}-1=\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x+8}}$
c/ $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{1-x}-1=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x \left(1-x\right) }$
d/ $\sqrt[3]{\left(2-x\right)^{2}}+  \sqrt[3]{ \left(7+x\right) ^{2}} =3+ \sqrt[3]{ \left(2-x\right) \left(7+x\right) }$
a/ $\sqrt{2x+1}+\sqrt{x-3}=2\sqrt{x}(*)$
Điều kiện:$x\geq 3$
$(*) \Leftrightarrow 2x+1+x-3+2\sqrt{2x^{2}-5x-3}=4x$
$\Leftrightarrow 2\sqrt{2x^{2}-5x-3}=2+x$
$\Leftrightarrow 8x^{2}-20x-12=4+4x+x^{2}$
$\Leftrightarrow 7x^{2}-24x-16=0$
$\Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x =\frac{-4}{7}  (L)\\x=4\end{array} \right.$

b/ $\sqrt{x+1}-1=\sqrt{x-\sqrt{x+8}}(*)$
Điều kiện: $\begin{cases}x+1\geq 0\\ \sqrt{x+1}\geq 1 \\ x\geq \sqrt{x+8} \end{cases} $
$ \Leftrightarrow x \geq \frac{1+\sqrt{33}}{2}$
Với điều kiện trên: $\Leftrightarrow x+1+x-2\sqrt{x+1}=x-\sqrt{x+8}$
$\Leftrightarrow 2+\sqrt{x+8}=2\sqrt{x+1}$
$\Leftrightarrow 4+4\sqrt{x+8}+x+8=4x+4$
$\Leftrightarrow 4\sqrt{x+8}=3x-8 ( x\geq \frac{8}{3})$
$\Leftrightarrow 16x+128=9x^{2}-48x+64$
$\Leftrightarrow 9x^{2}-64x-64=0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}x = \frac{-8}{9}\\x=8\end{array} \right.\leftrightarrow $ loại $x=\frac{-8}{9}$
c/ $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{1-x}-1=\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{x \left(1-x\right) }$
Điều kiện: $0 \geq x \geq 1$
Đặt $\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{1-x}=t$ thì $1\geq t \geq \sqrt{2}$
$\Rightarrow x+1-x+2\sqrt{x \left(1-x\right) }=t^{2} \Rightarrow 2\sqrt{x \left(1-x\right)}= t^{2}-1$
$(*) \Leftrightarrow t-1= \frac{t^{2}-1}{3} \Leftrightarrow t^{2}-3t+2=0 \Leftrightarrow \left[ \begin{array}{l}t=1\\t=2\end{array} \right.\leftrightarrow $ loại $t=2$
$t=1 \Rightarrow \sqrt{x \left(1-x\right) }=0 \Leftrightarrow x \left(1-x\right) =0 \Leftrightarrow x=0 \vee x=1$

d/ $\sqrt[3]{\left(2-x\right)^{2}}+  \sqrt[3]{ \left(7+x\right) ^{2}} =3+ \sqrt[3]{ \left(2-x\right) \left(7+x\right) }$
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{\left(2-x\right)}=u; \sqrt[3]{ \left(7+x\right)}=v$ được hệ:
  $\begin{cases}u^{2}+v^{2}-uv=3 \\ u^{3}+v^{3}=9 \end{cases}  \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}u^{2}+v^{2}-uv=3 \\ \left(u+v\right) \left(u^{2}+v^{2}-uv \right) =9 \end{cases} $
 $\Rightarrow \begin{cases}u+v=3 \\ \left(u+v\right)^{2}=3uv=3  \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}u+v=3 \\ uv=2 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow \begin{cases}u=1 \\ v=2 \end{cases} $ hoặc $\begin{cases}u=2\\ v=1 \end{cases} $
 $ \begin{cases}u=1 \\ v=2 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow  x=1; \begin{cases}u=2\\ v=1 \end{cases} \Leftrightarrow x=-6 $

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