Tính $y^{(n) }$ của các hàm số sau:
a) $y=\frac{2x+3}{x^2+3x+2} $                                 b) $y=\sin 3x+ \cos 2x$
a) $y=\frac{1}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+2}$.  Suy ra,   $y^ {(n)}=(\frac{1}{x+1})^{(n)}+(\frac{1}{x+2} )^{(n)} $
Ta tìm đạo hàm cấp $n$ của  $f(x)=\frac{1}{x+1} $ và    $g(x)=\frac{1}{x+2} $
Ta có:          $\left ( \frac{1}{x+1}  \right )'=-  \frac{1}{(x+1)^2}  $
                    $\left ( \frac{1}{x+1}  \right )''=     \frac{1.2}{(x+1)^3}  $
                     $\left ( \frac{1}{x+1}  \right )'''=-\frac{1.2.3}{(x+1)^4}  $  
Giả sử theo trên, ta có $\left ( \frac{1}{x+1}  \right ) ^{(k)}=(-1)^k.\frac{k!}{(x+1)^{k+1}}  $
Lấy đạo hàm hai vế của $(1)$, ta được:
          $\left ( \frac{1}{x+1}  \right )^{(k+1)}=(-1)^{k+1}\frac{k!(k+1)(x+1)^k}{(x+1)^{2k+2}}=(-1)^{k+1}\frac{(k+1)!}{(x+1)^{k+2}}   $
Tức $(1)$ đúng với $n=k+1$.
Vậy theo nguyên lý quy nạp: $\left ( \frac{1}{x+1}  \right )^{(n)}=f^(n)(x)=(-1)^n \frac{n!}{(x+1)^{n+1}}  $
Tương tự đối với   $g(x)^{(n)}=(-1)^n \frac{n!}{(x+2)^{n+1}}  $
Vậy $y^{(n)}=(-1)^n.n!\left[ {\frac{1}{(x+1)^{n+1}} +\frac{1}{(x+2)^{n+1}} } \right] $

b) $f(x)=\sin 3x$ và $g(x)=\cos 2x$
Ta có $(\sin 3x)'=3 \cos 2x=3\sin(3x+\frac{\pi}{2} )$
           $(\sin 3x)''=3.3 \cos (3x+\frac{\pi}{2} )=3^2\sin (3x+2 \frac{\pi}{2}  )$
Ta chứng minh bằng quy nạp. Giả sử theo trên, ta có:
                  $(\sin 3x)^{(k)}=3^k sin (3x+k \frac{\pi}{2} )$
Suy ra  $(\sin 3x)^{(k+1)}=3^{k+1} \cos(3x+k \frac{\pi}{2} )=3^{k+1} \sin (3x+k \frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}  )$
                                       $=3^{k+1} \sin (3x+(k+1)\frac{\pi}{2} )$
Vậy           $(\sin 3x)^{(n)}= 3^n \sin (3x+n \frac{\pi}{2} )$
Tương tự, $(\cos 2x)^{(n)}=2^n \cos (2x+n \frac{\pi}{2})$
Vậy $y^{(n)}=3^n sin (3x+n\frac{\pi}{2} )+2^n cos(2x+n \frac{\pi}{2})$


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