a) Cho hai số nguyên dương $q,p$ .  Tính $I=\int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}\cos px.\cos qx .dx $ trong hai trường hợp $q=p$  và  $q\neq p$
b) Cho các số thực $a_1;a_2;....;a_n.$
Với giả sử $a_1\cos x+a_2\cos 2x+.....+a_n\cos nx=0 ;\forall x\in [0;2\pi].\\CMR: a_1=a_2=...=a_n=0.$
a) Xét : $q=p$
$I=\int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}\cos^2 pxdx=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}(1+\cos 2px)dx=\frac{1}{2}(x+\frac{1}{2p}\sin 2px )|^{2\pi}_0=\pi   $

Xét: $q\neq p$
$I=\frac{1}{2}\int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}[\cos (q+p)x+\cos (p-q)x]dx$
$I=\frac{1}{2}[\frac{1}{q+p}\sin (p+q)x+\frac{1}{p-q}\sin (p-q)x  ]^{2\pi}_0=0 $

Kết luận : $I=\pi (nếu  p=q)(1)      hoặc     0  (nếu  p\neq q)(2)$

b)Đạt : $S(x)=a_1\cos x+a_2\cos 2x+....+a_n\cos nx=0;\forall x\in [0;2\pi]$
Cho tùy ý  $p;q\in [1;2;.....;n]\in Z_n^+,  thì  :$

$0=S(x).\cos px=a_p\cos^2 px+\sum\limits_{q \in Z_n^+  }  ^{} {a_p\cos px\cos qx} $
$\Rightarrow  \int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}0dx=\int\limits_{0}^{2\pi} S(x).\cos pxdx $
$\Rightarrow   \int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}0dx =a_p  \int\limits_{0}^{2\pi}\cos^2 pxdx+\sum\limits_{q \in Z_n^+  }  ^{} {\cos px\cos qx}(p\neq q)$
Kết hợp với $(1)$ và $(2)$ $\Rightarrow  0=a_p(\pi+0)=\pi a_p \Rightarrow  a_p=0;\forall p\in [1;2;....;n]\equiv Z_n^+$
$\Rightarrow  a_1=a_2=a_3=.....=a_p=0   (đpcm)$

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