Cho hàm số $f$ liên tục trên $R$ và $a>0$
a) Chứng minh rằng : $\int\limits_{0}^{2a} f(x)dx = \int\limits_{0}^{a} [f(x) + f(2a-x)]dx$
b) Chứng minh rằng : Nếu $ f(x) = f(2a-x), \forall x \in  R$ thì
                                          $\int\limits_{a-M}^{a+M} xf(x)dx = 2a \int\limits_{a}^{a+M}f(x)dx, \forall M>0$
c) Tính $ I = \int\limits_{0}^{\pi} x \sin x.\cos ^4 xdx$  và  $J = \int\limits_{0}^{3\pi}\sin x .\sin 2x.\sin 3xdx.$
a) Đặt $ t = a+b-x      \Rightarrow     dt=-dx$
$\Rightarrow \int\limits_{0}^{2a}f(x)dx = \int\limits_{0}^{a}f(x)dx + \int\limits_{a}^{2a}f(x)dx = \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(x)dx + \int\limits_{a}^{0}f(2a-t)(-dt)$
$ = \int\limits_{0}^{a}f(x)dx + \int\limits_{0}^{a} f(2a-x)dx = \int\limits_{0}^{a} [f(x)+f(2a-x)]dx.$

b) Đặt $t = 2a-x       \Rightarrow      dt=-dx$
$\Rightarrow \int\limits_{a-M}^{a}xf(x)dx = \int\limits_{a+M}^{a}(2a-t)f(2a-t)(-dt) = \int\limits_{a}^{a+M}(2a-t)f(t)dt$
                             $ = \int\limits_{a}^{a+M}(2a-x)f(x)dx$   
$\Rightarrow \int\limits_{a-M}^{a+M}xf(x)dx = \int\limits_{a-M}^{a}xf(x)dx + \int\limits_{a}^{a+M} xf(x)dx$
                             $ = \int\limits_{a}^{a+M}(2a-x)f(x)dx + \int\limits_{a}^{a+M}xf(x)dx = 2a \int\limits_{a}^{a+M}f(x)dx.$

c) Xét $f(x) = \sin x \cos ^4 x, x \in  R$
$\Rightarrow f(\pi -x) = \sin (\pi -x) \cos ^4(\pi - x) = \sin x (-\cos x)^4 = \sin x \cos ^4 x= f(x), \forall x \in  R$
$\Rightarrow$ Theo câu b) ta có: $ I = \int\limits_{0}^{\pi} xf(x)dx = \int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{2}-\frac{\pi}{2} }^{\frac{\pi}{2}+\frac{\pi}{2}} f(x)dx = 2 \frac{\pi}{2}\int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{2} }^{\pi}f(x)dx$
                                                  $ = \pi \int\limits_{\frac{\pi}{2} }^{\pi} \sin x . \cos ^4 xdx = \pi \left ( -\frac{\cos ^5x}{5}  \right ) \left| \begin{array}{l}
\pi \\
\frac{\pi }{2}
\end{array} \right. = \frac{\pi}{5}$
* Xét $ g(x) = \sin x . \sin 2x . \sin 3x, x \in  R$
$\Rightarrow g(3\pi -x) = \sin (3\pi -x) \sin (6\pi - 2x).\sin (9\pi-3x)$
$ = \sin x(-\sin 2x)\sin 3x  = -g(x), \forall x \in  R$
$\Rightarrow J = \int\limits_{0}^{3\pi}g(x)dx = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{3\pi}{2} }[g(x)+g(3\pi-x)]dx$        ( Do kết quả câu a))
$ = \int\limits_{0}^{\frac{3\pi}{2} } 0.dx=0$

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