Cho $f$ là hàm dương giảm trên $(0;+\infty  )$.
Đặt $ S_{n,k} = f(n) + f(n+1)+ ... + f(n+nk), k,n \in  N.$ Chứng minh rằng :
a) $f(n+kn) + \int\limits_{n}^{n+kn} f(x)dx \leq  S_n \leq  f(n) + \int\limits_{n}^{n+kn} f(x)dx.$
b) $1 = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} } + ... + \frac{1}{\sqrt{p} } \geq \sqrt{p}, \forall p \in  N$
a) Vì $f$ là hàm giảm nên :
    $f(n+1) = \int\limits_{n}^{n+1} f(n+1)dx \leq  \int\limits_{n}^{n+1} f(x)dx \leq  \int\limits_{n}^{n+1}f(n)dx = f(n), \forall n \in  N$
  $\Rightarrow f(n+1) \leq  \int\limits_{n}^{n+1}f(x)dx \leq  f(n), \forall n \in  N$
Do đó :
* $\int\limits_{n}^{n+kn}   f(x)dx = \int\limits_{n}^{n+1} f(x)dx + \int\limits_{n+1}^{n+2} f(x)dx + ... + \int\limits_{n+kn}^{n+kn-1} f(x)dx$
                                                                      $\leq  f(n) +f)+1)+...+ f(n+kn-1)$
 $\Rightarrow f(n+kn) + \int\limits_{n}^{n+kn}  f(x)dx \leq  S_{n.k}$                 (1)
* $ \int\limits_{n}^{n+kn} f(x)dx = f(n+1)+f(n+2)+... f(n+kn)$
 $\Rightarrow f(n) + \int\limits_{n}^{n+kn} f(x)dx \geq S_{n,k}$                         (2)
Từ (1) và (2) $\Rightarrow   $ a) được chứng minh xong.

b) * $ p = 1 : $ BĐT hiển nhiên đúng.
    * $ p \geq 2 $: Xét $f(x) = \frac{1}{\sqrt{x} }, x >0$
       $ \Rightarrow 1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} } + ... + \frac{1}{\sqrt{p} } = f(1) + f(2) + ...+ f(p)$
Áp dụng câu a) với $ n =1 , k = p, $ ta có :
       $ 1 + \frac{1}{\sqrt{2} } + ... + \frac{1}{\sqrt{p}} = S_{1,p} - f(p+1) \geq f(p+1)+ \int\limits_{1}^{p+1} f(x)dx - f(p+1)$
                                                          $ \geq 2(\sqrt{p+1}-1) \geq \sqrt{p}.$         

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