Bài 20

Read the following passage and mark the letter  $A, B,  C$  or  $D$  on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to  each of the questions from  $1$ to  $10.$
      How a man uses money - makes it, saves it, and spends it - is perhaps one of the best tests of practical wisdom. Although money ought by no means to be regarded as a  chief end of man's life, neither is it a trifling matter, to be held in philosophic contempt, representing as it does to so large an extent, the means of physical comfort and social well-being. Indeed, some of the finest qualities of human nature are intimately related to the right use of money; such as generosity, honesty, justice, and self - sacrifice; as well as the practical virtues of economy and providence. On the other hand, there are their counterparts of avarice, fraud, injustice, and selfishness, as displayed by the inordinate lovers of gain; and abuse the means entrusted to them. "So that", as it wisely observed by Henry Taylor in his thoughtful "Notes from Life", "a right measure and manner in getting, saving, spending, giving, taking, lending, borrowing, and bequeathing, would almost argue a perfect man".
       Comfort in worldly circumstances is a condition which every man is justified in striving to attain by all worthy means. It secures that physical satisfaction, which is necessary for the culture of the better part of his nature; and enables him to provide for those of his own household. Nor ought the duty to be any the less indifferent to us, that the respect which our fellow men entertain for us in no slight degree depends upon the manner in which we exercise the opportunities which present themselves for our honorable advancement in life. The very effort required to be made to succeed in life with this object, is of itself an education; stimulating a man's sense of self-respect, bringing out his practical quailities, and disciplining him in the exercise of patience, perseverance, and such like virues. The provident and careful man must necessarily be a thoughtful man, for he lives mot merely for the present, but with provident forecast makes arrangements for the future. He must also be a temperate man, and exercise the virtues of self-denial, than which nothing is so much caculated to give strength to the character. John Sterling says truly, that "the worst education which teaches self denial is better than the best which traches everything else, and not that." The Romans rightly employed the same word (virtus) to desighnate courage, whch is in a physical sense what the other is in moral; the highest wirtue of all being victory over ourselves.
 
$1.$ What is the main idea of his passage?
$A.$ Wealthy people and poor people can both be virtuous
$B.$ Money is insignificant
$C.$ Money is the most important thing in the world
$D.$ The way a person handles money indicates his or her general character

$2.$ The author's purpose in writing this essay is________
$A.$ to teach people how to earn a great deal of money
$B.$ to warn readers about the dangers of greed
$C.$ to describe the life of a wealthy person
$D.$ to convince the reader that proper money management is a sign of good character

$3.$ Which is the best synonym for the word providence?
$A.$ prudence                   $B.$ fate        $C.$ sustenance        $D.$ doom

$4.$ What would be the author's response to those who say that poverty is noble
$A.$ The author would agree with this statement
$B.$ In order to cultivate other virtues a person must have money
$C.$ Once a person gets rich, they can start worrying about self-discipline
$D.$ The Romans believed that poor people are evil

$5.$ Which word best describes the author's attitude to Henry Taylor?
$A.$ admiring    $B.$ condescending    $C.$ skeptical    $D.$ disgusted

$6.$ What does the author imply by saying that money provides "physical satisfaction, which is necessary for the culvivation of the better part of his nature"?
$A.$ people are friendlier after they have had a hot bath
$B.$ In order to improve oneself in more lofty ways, one must attain the basic necessities.
$C.$ The most important thing in life is physical pleasure
$D.$ Money can only provide physical pleasure

$7.$ What does the author mean by the comment "The very effort required to be made to succeed in life with this object, is of itself an education"?
$A.$ In order to earn money a person needs to go to college
$B.$ Money makes people seem smarter than they are
$C.$ That learing to manage money effectively entails learning a number of other valuable skills
$D.$ Only intelligent people can earn money

$8.$ Why must the "provident and careful man" be a thoughtful man?
$A.$ Because he has earned a great deal of money
$B.$ Because he is familiar with the works of Henry Taylor
$C.$ Because he gives most of his money to charity
$D.$ Because he must always be planning for the future

$9.$ The author brings up the Roman word for courage to illustrate________
$A.$ his knowledge of the classics
$B.$ that people throughout history have valued money
$C.$ that self-discipline is less important than physical bravery
$D.$ that self-discipline is similar to physical bravery.

$10.$ What is the definition of the word temperate as it is used in this essay?
$A.$ moderate    $B.$ irritated    $C.$ self-denying        $D.$ warm

Read the following passage and mark the letter  $A, B,  C$  or  $D$  on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to  each of the questions from  $1$ to  $10.$
        The miracle therapy of blood tranfusion was invented by an English doctor, James Blundell. In  $1818$, he performed the first tranfusion, on a patient said to be incurable. Using a syringe, he successfully injected blood taken from one of his students.In  $1829$, he saved a woman suffering from a severe hemorrhage. About  $1900$, Dr. Karl Landsteiner of Vienna found that some people's blood was not compatible with other's and that these blood variations could be classified into groups. When portable tranfusion apparatus was invented, direct transfusion between persons of the storage of the same blood type could be performed on the battlefield. In  $1914$, the discovery of anticoagulants made possible the storage of blood for future use.
       But to save lives, the right blood had to be in the right plave at the right time. The first blood service was established by the British Red Cross in  $1921$. During War World II, Red Cross blood banks saved countless human lives. Now the Red Cross engages in transfusion work in sixty-eight countries. It recruits donors, collects, stores, and distributes blood, determines blood groups, and prepares blood derivatives.

$1.$ In the first blood transfusion the donor was__________
$A.$ Dr. James Blundell    $B.$ a laboratory animal
$C.$ a student                     $D.$ a Red Cross volunteer

$2.$ The substance used in this transfusion was__________
$A.$ an anticoagulant    $B.$ whole blood
$C.$ blood serum           $D.$ blood plasma

$3.$ Blood could not be stored for emergency use untill
$A.1818$        $B.1914$     $C.1921$     $D.1900$

$4.$ The word "compatible" as used in first paragraph is closest in meaning to __________
$A.$ compatible    $B.$ possible    $C.$ well-matched        $D.$ well-prepared

$5.$ Portable transfusion apparatus was invented by ________
$A.$ Dr. James Blundell        $B.$ Dr Karl lansteiner
$C.$ the Red Cross               $D.$ a person not identified in the article

$6.$ This invention made it possible to ________
$A.$ give any type of blood to any person
$B.$ save lives right on the battlefield
$C.$ prepare blood derivatives
$D.$ store blood for emergencies

$7.$ Blood must be classified into groups because________
$A.$ some types will not mix                   $B.$ some people have blue blood
$C.$ disease attacks certain groups    $D.$ the donor's age makes a difference

$8.$ The first Red Cross blood bank was established in ________
$A.1829$                  $B.1900$               $C.1914$               $D.1921$

$9.$ The Red Cross's role in transfusion service in________
$A.$ storage and distribution           $B.$ laboratory testing
$C.$ recruiting of volunteers            $D.$ all of the above

$10.$ The word "It" in the last sentence refers to________
$A.$ The Red Cross               $B.$ The British Red Cross
$C.$ a blood bank                   $D.$ blood service

Read the following passage and mark the letter  $A, B,  C$  or  $D$  on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word for each of the blanks from  $1$ to  $10.$
    Research has shown that over half the children in Britian who take their own lunch to school do not eat $(1)$__________ in the middle of the day. In Britain schools have to $(2)$__________ meals at lunchtime. Children can choose to bring their own food or have lunch at the school canteen.
   One shocking $(3)$__________ of this research in that school meals are much healthier than lunches prepared by parents. There are strict $(4)$__________ for the preparation of school meals,which have to include one  $(5)$__________ -fruit and one of the vegetables, as well as meat, a dairy item and starchy food like break or pasta. Lunchboxes  $(6)$__________ by researchers contained sweet drinks, crisps and chocolate bars. Children consume twice as much sugar as they should at lunchtime.
    The research will provide a better $(7)$__________ of why the percentage of overweight students in Britain has increased in the last decade. Unfortunately, the government cannot $(8)$__________ parents, but it can remind them of the $(9)$__________ value of milk, fruit and vegetables. Small changes in their children's diet can  $(10)$__________ their future health. Children can easily develop bad eating habits at this age, and parents are the only one who can prevent it.
$1.A.$ appropriately                 $B.$ properly                 $C.$ probably                 $D.$ possibly
$2.A.$ give                                 $B.$ provide                 $C.$ make                        $D.$ do
$3.A.$ finding                            $B.$ provide                 $C.$ figure                        $D.$ factor
$4.A.$ standards                      $B.$ procedures         $C.$ conditions                   $D.$ ways
$5.A.$ piece                               $B.$ portion                 $C.$ bowl                           $D.$ kilo
$6.A.$ examined                       $B.$ found                   $C.$ taken                          $D.$ investigated
$7.A.$ view                                $B.$ knowledge          $C.$ understanding          $D.$ opinion
$8.A.$ criticize                           $B.$ instruct                 $C.$ order                         $D.$ tell
$9.A.$ nutritional                      $B.$ healthy                 $C.$ positive                     $D.$ good
$10.A.$ damage                       $B.$ predict                 $C.$ destroy                      $D.$ affect

       Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the environment. A vernal or springtime pool is only a few deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms. Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics. One may  find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived. Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
         Various forms of algae grow well in the murky water if there is sufficient sunlight. They in turn produce and transit owygen to the salamander embryos and other young that are not yet able to survive outside of water. Diving beetles feast on eggs and larvae deposited in the pond by the salamanders and other amphibians that have called it home. Tadpoles are born in the late spring and feed on the algae. The pond also invites wood frogs staking their territory and courting potential mates, calling as loud as quacking ducks.
By the end of the short season, the pond dries to spongy mud and then dries further, becomingcovered with leaves and debris, until the following spring when the process repeats itself.

$1.$ What is the author's purpose stated in the first sentence: Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the environment?
$A.$ To explain that a vernal pool is very muddy.
$B.$ To describe how the vernal pool fits into the larger environment picture.
$C.$ To explain that mud is important to the environment.
$D.$ To show how algae grows.

$2.$ The word yields in the third sentence means most nearly the same as
$A.$ produces       $B.$ contributes to       $C.$ kills       $D.$ harms

$3.$ The word diverse in the third sentence means most nearly the same as
$A.$ distinct       $B.$ living       $C.$ numerous       $D.$ primitive

$4.$ The word its in the fifth sentence refers to
$A.$ predator       $B.$ pond       $C.$ living being       $D.$ nature

$5.$ Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that a young life form might be prey to an older life form?
$A.$ A vernal or springtime pool is only a few deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms.
$B.$ Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristic.
$C.$ One may find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived.
$D.$ Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.

$6.$ Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that life forms continute to act in the same way as the same life forms did previously?
$A.$ A vernal or springtime pool is only a few deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms.
$B.$ Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristic.
$C.$ One may find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived.
$D.$ Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.

$7.$ The word murky in the first sentence of the second paragraph means most nearly the same as
$A.$ clearly       $B.$ cloudy       $C.$ cold       $D.$ life-producing

$8.$ The word they in the second sentence of paragraph two refers to
$A.$ salamander embryos.        $C.$ forms of algae.
$B.$ young            $D.$ sunlight

$9.$ Which of the following does the author imply in the first two sentence of paragraph two?
$A.$ The life forms in the pool live in water their entire lives.
$B.$ Some of the life forms live in water first and later on land.
$C.$ The life forms found in the pool do not require oxygen to live.
$D.$ Algae is strictly a food source.

$10.$ The word recurrent in the last sentence of paragraph one means most nearly the same as
$A.$ moving       $B.$ recurring       $C.$ stagnant       $D.$ warm

Read the following passage and mark the letter  $A,  B,  C$  or  $D$  on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from  $1$  to  $10$.
       Scientist have discovered the bones of what may be the largest meat-eating dinosaur ever to walk the earth. The discovery was made by a team of researchers from Argentina and North America in Patagonia, a desert on the eastern slopes of the Andes in South America. Besides the interesting fact that the dinosaur was huge and horrifying, it is even more astounding that the bones of a number of the dinosaurs were found together. This discovery challenges the prior theory that the biggest meat-eaters lived as loners and instead indicates that they may have lived and hunted in packs. The Tyrannosaurus Rex lived in North America and was believed to hunt and live alone.
       The newly discovered meat-eater appears to be related to the Giganotosaurus family, being as closely related to it as a fox would be to a dog. It is actually not of the same family at all the Tyrannosaurus Rex, being as diffirent from it as a cat is from a dog.
       The fossilized remains indicate that the animals lived about  $100$  million years ago. With needle-shaped noses and razor sharp teeth, they were larger than the Tyrannosaurus Rex, although their legs were slightly shorter, and their jaws were designed to be better able to dissect their prey quickly and precisely.

$1.$ The author states that the newly discovered dinosaur remains are evidence that it was the largest.
$A.$ dinosaur ever.    $C.$ herbivorous dinosaur.
$B.$ carnivorous dinosaur.    $D.$ South American dinosaur.

$2.$ The word Besides in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
$A.$ in spite of.       $B.$ in addition to        $C.$ although       $D.$ mostly.

$3.$ The word horrifying in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
$A.$ frightening       $B.$ large       $C.$ fast       $D.$ interesting

$4.$ The word astounding in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to
$A.$ terrifying.       $B.$ pleasing.       $C.$ displeasing.       $D.$ surprising.

$5.$ The author implies that the most interesting fact about the find is that this dinosaur
$A.$ lived and hunted with others.        $C.$ was found in the Andes.
$B.$ had a powerful jaw and sharp teeth.    $D.$ was larger than Tyrannosaurus Rex.

$6.$ The passage indicates that prior to this discovery scientists believe that
$A.$ Meat-eating dinosaurs lived alone.
$B.$ there were no meat-eating dinosaurs in the Andes.
$C.$ Tyrannosaurus Rex lived in the Andes.
$D.$ meat-eating dinosaurs were small in stature.

$7.$ The word it in the second paragraph refers to
$A.$ newly discovered meat-eater.
$B.$ relationship.
$C.$ Giganotosaurus.
$D.$ dog.

$8.$ The author states that the newly discovered meat- eating dinosaur is
$A.$ closely related to Tyrannosaurus Rex.
$B.$ not closely related to Tyrannosaurus Rex.
$C.$ not closely related to Giganotosaurus.
$D.$ closely related to the large car family.

$9.$ The word dissect in the last sentence is closest in meaning to
$A.$ dismember       $B.$ swallow.       $C.$ chew       $D.$ escape.

$10.$ The word prey in the last sentence of the passage is closest in meaning to
$A.$ victim       $B.$ enemy       $C.$ dinosaurs       $D.$ attacker