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ĐẢO NGỮ (The inversion of verbs)- Sự đảo ngữ vị trí giữa S và V nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh
A- Đảo ngữ dạng I : trường hợp khi đầu câu có các trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định- hạn chế
* ) Cách đảo ngữ
+ Với những động từ thì đơn $\rightarrow $ thêm trợ từ (như câu hỏi) và đảo lên trước S
+ Nếu có sẵn trợ từ $\rightarrow $ đảo trợ từ lên trước S
$1$) Hardly, scarely
- Hardly...... when
Scarely
- No sooner..... than
Vừa mời ....... rồi thì
Ex :
Hardly does he get up early on Sunday
Hardly had we arrived home when the rain suddenly dropped
- No sooner had I gone to bed than the bell rang
(I had no sooner gone to bed than the bell rang)
$2$) Never, little, seldom, rarely, so, such (that)
Ex : Never do I have breakfast before $6$a.m
Little did Mary reliza that David was deceiving her
- So intelligent is she that she can solve any difficult problem
Such a lovely day was it that everybody wants to stay out.
$3$) On no account (không bì bất cứ lí do gì)
On/ under no circumstances (trong bất cứ hoàn cảnh nào cũng không)
At no time (không, không hề)
Ex : On no account must this swith be touched
Under no circumstances do you cheat in exam
At no time did he recognize the changes on her face
$4$) No where
Not till/ until $\rightarrow $ đảo ngữ mệnh đề $2$
Not only....... but also
Not once (không hề, chưa bao giờ)
Ex : No where can you see a more hard working worker than Mr Jan
Not till she was eight, could she read
Not only did harry miss the train but also lost his purse
Not once did I leave my workbook at home
Not once I did I love him
$5$) Only by + N
Only by + Ving
Only in this way
+ Only when $\rightarrow $ Đảo mệnh đề $2$
+ Only then (chỉ khi đó)
+ Only after + N/ Ving / S- V
Ex : Only by trying to learn hard, can you pass the exam
Learn hard ! Only in this way can you pass the exam
Only when I got home, did I realize that I haven't said goodbye to her.
I got home, and only then did I relize........
Only after seeing "Hamlet", did I like it very much
Note :
Những trường hợp dùng : "Only when"
Only after + clause $\rightarrow $ đảo ngữ mệnh đề $2$
Not till/ until = It wasn't until (mệnh đề $2$ không đảo)
B- Câu điều kiện đảo ngữ
$1)$ Câu điều kiện loại I
Bỏ " If" $\rightarrow $ thêm "Should + S + V (infi)"
Ex : Should you go by the post office, can you post my letter ?
$2$) Câu điefu kiện loại II :
V (tobe)$\rightarrow $ Were + S
V (thường)$\rightarrow $ Were + S + to V
Ex :
If I were you, I would help her $\rightarrow $ Were I you,......
If she got up late, she couldn't catch the train
$\rightarrow $ Were she to get up late......
$3$) Câu điều kiện loại $3$ :
Had + S + $P_{II}$ + Main Clause
Ex : If they hadn't had money, they wouldn't have bought the house.
$\rightarrow $ Hadn't they had money,.........
+ If it hadn't been for + N
Ex : If it hadn't been for his help, I couldn't have finished my work
$\rightarrow $ Hadn't it been for.......
C- Đảo ngữ với "neither, nor, so"
Neither + trợ từ + S
Nor + trợ từ + S
So + trợ từ + S
D- Đảo ngữ dạng $2$
Chỉ đổi vị trí giữa S và V vị ngữ, không thêm bớt trạng từ
$1)$ Adv + V + S
Ex : Here comes the bus
There lives a very famous singer away
Round were flying the birds
$2)$ Đầu câu là giới từ
Prep + V + S
Ex : In front of the gate stood a very handsome boy
Under the tree slept a buffalo
In the room shouted a lot of people
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