Mệnh đề sau "wish, If only, It's time...."I- Mệnh đề sau "wish", "If only"
$1.$ Present wish (ao ước cho hiện tại) : không thể thực hiện được ở hiện tại, trái với thực tế ở hiện tại
S + wish/ wishes + S + were/ Ved
If only + S + well / Ved
Ex : I wish I were taller now
If only I were taller now
$2.$ Past wish (ao ước cho quá khứ) : điều không thể, trường hợp được trong quá khứ hay trái với thực tế ở quá khứ
S + wish (es) + S + had + $V_{P_{II}}$
S + wish (es) + S + had been + Ving
S + wish (es) + S + could have + $V_{P_{II}}$
If only + S + had + $V_{P_{II}}$
If only + S + had been + Ving
If only + S + could have + $V_{P_{II}}$
Ex : I wish I had done exercises last night.
If only I had done exercises last night.
$3.$ Future wish (ước cho tương lai) :
S + wish(es) + S + could/ would + V
If only + S + could/ would + V
Ex : She wishes she would pass the final exam
If only she would pass the final exam
* Only if $\rightarrow $ cấu trúc đảo ngữ cho mệnh đề sau
Only if she had learnt hard, would she have passed the exam
II- Mệnh đề sau "If It's time" "It's hight time"
It's time + S + Ved (ngữ cảnh hiện tại)
It's time + S + was/ were + Ving
It's hight time + S + Ved (ngữ cảnh hiện tại)
It's hight time + S + was/ were + Ving
Ex : It's time we learned harder
It's time (for + O) + to V
It's hight time
Ex It's time for us to learn harder
III- Mệnh đề với "would rather"
$1.$ Muốn
S + would rather + V (infi) (ở hiện tại)
S + would rather + have + $V_P{II}$ (Ở quá khứ)
Ex : I would rather have something to eat now
She would rather have gone to the cinema last night
$2.$ So sánh, thích hơn
S + would rather + V (infi) than V (infi)
S + would rather + have + $P_{II}$ than have + $P_{II}$
= would sooner
Ex : I would rather play badminton than (play) game on internet
I'd rather have had meat than (have had) fish last night
$3.$ Muốn làm gì hơn
- Hiện tại :
$S_1$ + would rather + $S_2$ + Ved
$S_1$ + would sooner + $S_2$ + Ved
Ex : I'd rather he behaved better
I'd rather he didn't shont at me
- Quá khứ
$S_1$ + would rather + $S_2$ + had + $P_{II}$
$S_1$ + would sooner + $S_2$ + could+ have $P_{II}$
Ex : We went by car but we would rather we had gone by train
IV - Mệnh đề sau " as if", "as though" (cứ như thế)
$1)$ As if/ as though : dùng như một liên từ bình thường (look, sound, feel,......)
Ex : The house looked as if nobody was living in it
I am very tired, I feel as though I haven't slept for ages
$2)$ Dùng để giả định
* S + $V_{HTĐ}$ + as if / as though + S + Ved / were hoặc (were + Ving) (trái với thực tế hiện tại)
Ex : She treats as if she were my mother
Mary dresses as though she were a Queen
* S + Ved + as if / as though + S + had + $V_{P_{II}}$ (giả định trong quá khứ, trái với quá khứ)
Xảy ra trước hđộng mệnh đề chính
Ex : She smiled as if she had met me before
CHÚ Ý :
Nếu hđộng sau "as if" không xảy ra trước $\Rightarrow $ vân dùng quá khứ đơn ở mệnh đề chính
Ex : When I told them about my plan, they looked at me as if I was mad.