Cho tam giác $ABC$. Dựng phía ngoài tam giác đó các tam giác $BCP,CAQ,ABR$ sao cho :
$\widehat {PBC} = \widehat {CAQ} = {45^0},\widehat {BCP} = \widehat {QCA} = {30^0},\widehat {ABR} = \widehat {BAR} = {15^0}$
Chứng minh rằng:  tam giác $PQR$ là tam giác vuông cân

Trong tam giác $AQC$,theo định lý hàm số sin,ta có :
$\frac{{AQ}}{{\sin {{30}^0}}} = \frac{{AC}}{{\sin \widehat {AQC}}} = \frac{{AC}}{{\sin {{75}^0}}}$       
  $ \Rightarrow AQ = \frac{b}{{2\sin {{75}^0}}}$
Tương tự có     $BP = \frac{a}{{2\sin {{75}^0}}}$
Dễ thấy trong tam giác $ABR$,thì    $RA = RB = \frac{{AB}}{{2\cos {{15}^0}}} = \frac{c}{{2\sin {{75}^0}}}$
Theo định lý hàm số cosin trong tam giác $ARQ$ có
$R{Q^2} = {\rm{A}}{{\rm{R}}^2} + A{Q^2} - 2AR.AQ\cos \widehat {RAQ}$
              $\begin{array}{l}
 = \frac{{{c^2}}}{{4{{\sin }^2}{{75}^0}}} + \frac{{{b^2}}}{{4{{\sin }^2}{{75}^0}}} - \frac{{bc}}{{4{{\sin }^2}{{75}^0}}}c{\rm{os}}({60^0} + A)\\
 = \frac{1}{{2{{\sin }^2}{{75}^0}}}\left[ {{b^2} + {c^2} - 2bc(\frac{1}{2}\cos A - \frac{{\sqrt 3 }}{2}\sin A)} \right]\\
 = \frac{1}{{2{{\sin }^2}{{75}^0}}}\left[ {{b^2} + {c^2} - bc(\frac{{{b^2} + {c^2} - {a^2}}}{{2bc}} - \sqrt 3 \frac{{2S}}{{bc}}} \right]
\end{array}$
  $ = \frac{{{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} + 4\sqrt 3 S}}{{2(1 + c{\rm{os}}{{30}^0})}}             (1)$
Tương tự ta có   $R{P^2} = \frac{{{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} + 4\sqrt 3 S}}{{2(1 + c{\rm{os}}{{30}^0})}}      (2)$
    $P{Q^2} = \frac{{{a^2} + {b^2} + {c^2} + 4\sqrt 3 S}}{{1 + c{\rm{os}}{{30}^0}}}      (3)$
Từ $(1)(2)(3$) suy ra $DPCM$

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