CMR tam giác $ABC$ thỏa mãn $1$ trong các điều kiện sau đây thì đó là tam giác cân
$1/$ $\sin \frac{A}{2}(1 - \sin \frac{A}{2}) = \frac{r}{{2R}}$
$2/$ $4r{r_a} = {a^2}$
$3/$ $r + {r_a} = 4R\cos C$
$4/$ ${l_a} = \frac{{bc}}{{2R}}$


$1$ Áp dng công thc  $r = 4R\sin \frac{A}{2}\sin \frac{B}{2}\sin \frac{C}{2}$,h thc đã cho tương đương
            $\sin \frac{A}{2}(1 - \sin \frac{A}{2}) = 2\sin \frac{A}{2}\sin \frac{B}{2}\sin \frac{C}{2}$
         $ \Leftrightarrow 1 - \sin \frac{A}{2} = 2\sin \frac{B}{2}\sin \frac{C}{2}$        (do $\sin \frac{A}{2}\# 0$)
        $ \Leftrightarrow 1 - \sin \frac{A}{2} = c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2} - c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B + C}}{2}$
       $\Leftrightarrow 1 = c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2}$         (do $c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B + C}}{2} = \sin \frac{A}{2}$)
         $\Leftrightarrow B = C$
T đó suy ra  $DPCM$
$2/$ Ta có   $4r{r_a} = {a^2} \Leftrightarrow 4\frac{S}{p}\frac{S}{{p - a}} = {a^2}      (1)$
Áp dng công thc Herong,ta có
$(1) \Leftrightarrow \frac{{4p(p - a)(p - b)(p - c)}}{{p(p - a)}} = {a^2}$
$\Leftrightarrow 4(p - b)(p - c) = {a^2}            (2)$
Theo bt đng thc Cosi,ta có
     $4(p - b)(p - c) \le {\left[ {(p - b) + (p - c)} \right]^2}$
   $ \Leftrightarrow 4(p - b)(p - c) \le {a^2}                       (3)$
Du “$=$” xy ra khi $b=c$
T ($2$) suy ra trong ($3$) có du “$=$”,t đó suy ra $DPCM$
$3/$             ${r_a} + r = 4R\cos C$
        $\begin{array}{l}
 \Leftrightarrow p.tg\frac{A}{2} + (p - a)tg\frac{A}{2} = 4R\cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow (2p - a)tg\frac{A}{2} = 4R\cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow (b + c)tg\frac{A}{2} = 4R\cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow 2R(\sin B + \sin C)\frac{{\sin \frac{A}{2}}}{{c{\rm{os}}\frac{A}{2}}} = 4R\cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow 4R\sin \frac{{B + C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2}\frac{{\sin \frac{A}{2}}}{{c{\rm{os}}\frac{A}{2} = 4R\cos C}}
\end{array}$
     $\begin{array}{l}
 \Leftrightarrow 2\sin \frac{A}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2} = 2\cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow 2\cos \frac{{B + C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2} = 2\cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow \cos B + \cos C = 2\cos C
\end{array}$
      $\begin{array}{l}
 \Leftrightarrow \cos B = \cos C\\
 \Leftrightarrow B = C
\end{array}$
Ta có $DPCM$

$4/$   ${l_a} = \frac{{bc}}{{2R}} \Leftrightarrow \frac{{bc}}{{{l_a}}} = 2R$
     $ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{bc}}{{\frac{{2bc\cos \frac{A}{2}}}{{b + c}}}} = 2R$ 
    $\Leftrightarrow \frac{{b + c}}{{2\cos \frac{A}{2}}} = 2R$
     $\Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin B + \sin C}}{{2\cos \frac{A}{2}}} = 1$
      $ \Leftrightarrow \frac{{\sin \frac{{B + C}}{2}c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2}}}{{2\cos \frac{A}{2}}} = 1$
      $\Leftrightarrow c{\rm{os}}\frac{{B - C}}{2} = 1$    
      $\Leftrightarrow B = C$
Ta có $DPCM$

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