$I -$ Những lưu ý khi chuyển bị động
- Chỉ những câu có tân ngữ mới chuyển bị động được.
- Trạng ngữ chỉ địa điểm đặc trước by + O.
- Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đặt sau by + O.
ex: He gave me a book in the library yesterday.
O adv ĐĐ TG
$\Rightarrow $ I was given a book in the library by him yesterday.
$II -$ Các dạng bị động đặc biệt
$1.$ Bị động thông báo
$S_1$ + think (that) + $S_2$ + $V_2$
suppose (giả sử)
believe
report
rumour
consider
reveal (tiết lộ)
$\rightarrow $ It + be + thought (that) + $S_2$ + $V_2$
|believed
$S_2$ + be + thought + to $V_2$
|believed |to have + $V_2 (P_2)$
ex: People consider that he left for England some days ago.
$\rightarrow $ It's considered that he left for England some days ago.
$\rightarrow $ He is considered to have left for England some days ago.
They rumoured that she would get married soon.
$\rightarrow $ It was rumoured that she would get married soon.
$\rightarrow $ She was rumoured to get married soon.
People said that there is oil inder the North Sea.
$\rightarrow $ It is said that there is oil under the North Sea.
$\rightarrow $ There is said to be oil under the North Sea.
People say that there are thousands of bees in the forest.
$\rightarrow $ It is said that there are thousands of bees in the forest.
$\rightarrow $ There are said to be thousands of bees in the forest.
* You are supposed to V = It's your duty to V.
ex: You are supposed to make tea at $7.$
= It's your duty to make tea at $7.$
$2.$ Bị động sai bảo (thuê, nhờ, mượn,...ai làm gì).
CĐ: Have sb do st: nhờ ai làm gì
Get sb to do st: $\rightarrow $ mang tính bắt buộc
BĐ: Have/Get + st + $P_2$ (by + S)
ex: I have him wash my car.
I get him to wash my car.
$\rightarrow $ I have my car washed by him.
I am employing the worters tile the roof.
$\rightarrow $ I am having the roof tiled (by the worters).
$3.$ Bị động với nhóm V chỉ giác quan
* S + see / hear/ feel/ watch/ observe/ catch + O + V(infi)/ Ving (đang xảy ra)
$\rightarrow $ S (O ở câu CĐ) + be + $V_{P_2}$ + to V / Ving
ex: I saw him climbing over the wall.
$\rightarrow $ He was seen climbing over the wall.
I heard her sing a very beautiful song.
$\rightarrow $ She was heard to sing a very beautiful song.
She was seen to leave the room and to take a taxi.
He was seen smiling with a pretty girl.
* make (tương tự)
make sb do st: bắt buộc ai làm gì
$\rightarrow $ S + be + made + to V
ex: My parents often make me learn hard.
$\rightarrow $ I am often made to learn hard by my parents.
* Let sb do st
$\rightarrow $ S + be + let + V
ex: They let me go out on Sundays.
$\rightarrow $ I am let go out on Sundays by them.
$4.$ Bị động với cấu trúc: "It + be + adj + to V + O"
$\rightarrow $ It + be + adj + for O + to be + $P_2$
ex: It's necessary to learn English.
$\rightarrow $ It's necessary for English to be learnt.
It's important to prepare the lessons before school.
$\rightarrow $ It's important for the lessons to be prepared before school.
Note: Khi trong câu dùng: "possible" hoặc "impossible" $\rightarrow $ can be done/ can't be done
ex: It's impossible to learn a foreign language in a week.
$\rightarrow $ A foreign language can't be learnt in a week.
It's impossible to do this.
$\rightarrow $ This can't be done.
$5.$ Bị động của câu mệnh lệnh
$\begin{cases} V(infi) + O... \\ Don't + V(infi) + O... \end{cases} \Rightarrow \begin{cases} Let + O + be + P_2 \\ Don't let + O + be + P_2\end{cases}$
ex: Do your home work before you go to school.
$\rightarrow $ Let your homework be done before...
Don't let the others see you.
$\rightarrow $ Don't let yourself be seen by the others.
Note: Một số câu, do tính chất của câu bị động
$\rightarrow $ should/ must/ mustn't + be + $P_2$
ex: Don't touch this switch.
$\rightarrow $ This switch musn't be touched.
$6.$ Bị động kép: trong $1$ câu có $2$ dạng bị động
a) Bị động kép trong cùng một mệnh đề
ex: It must be seen to be believed.
They ordered the murder to be shot.
$\rightarrow $ The murder was ordered to be shot.
b) Bị động nằm ở hai mệnh đề (Câu phức)
ex: They have found the man who the police wanted.
$7.$ Bị động của các V bắt đầu - kết thúc - tiếp tục
V: start, stop, finish, begin, continute, go on
S + V + Ving / to V + O
(start...)
$\Rightarrow $ O $\rightarrow $ S + V + being / to be + $P_2$
ex: They started planting / to plant trees in the garden.
$\rightarrow $ Trees started being planted/ to be planted.
$8.$ Bị động của các V liên quan đến Ving.
a) S + V + O + Ving
O$\rightarrow $S + be + $P_2$ + Ving
ex: They kept me waiting.
$\rightarrow $ I was kept waiting.
b) S + V + $O_1$ + Ving + $O_2$ (S cùng ngôi với $O_2$)
ex: I remember my parents taking me to the zoo.
$\rightarrow $ I remember being taken to the zoo by my parents.
c) Bị động với nhóm thích, không thích.
$9.$ Giới từ "with" trong cấu trúc BĐ.
- by + tác nhân gây hành động (người hoặc vật làm ra hành động)
- with + công cụ, phương tiện gây hành động.
ex: He was killed with a knife by a terrorist.
- covered with: The road was covered with water
- filled with: The box is filled with chanling fans.
- crammed with: ních, chật ních
- packed with: đầy chật, xếp đầy.